If You Pitch It, They Will Eat free essay sample

There is a motivation behind why such huge numbers of individuals are large. The principle reason is food, the sorts of nourishments are inexpensive food as well as food what we call low quality nourishment. Who is answerable for this, is it the individuals who expend it or is the organizations that create and advance their food. I think they are both to fault and there is consistently a decent and terrible in all things. In the event that you are 20% over your ordinary weight you are viewed as large. We need to settle on the correct decisions with regards to food since we choose what’s great and terrible for us and we are allowed to pick however not from the outcomes. In our general public we as a whole realize that McDonalds and different organizations target small children into devouring their undesirable food which causes heftiness. Most children are brought into these sort of quick nourishments through publicizing and toys which children favor the most. A few nourishments are addictive which makes them want to an ever increasing extent and it makes them progressively hefty. â€Å"advertising is the same old thing, however is more pervasive than ever†. (Barboza) He likewise said that there are more schools that offer inexpensive food decisions for the most part since certain schools have contracts with organizations. â€Å"You are what we eat†. (Ludwig Feuerbach). In the event that you devour fat you become fat. In the event that the Companies produce items or nourishments that are undesirable for human utilization however for their own advantage they will locate the most proficient and efficient approach to deliver the food at a lower cost likewise that it’s moderate to the vast majority. On the off chance that organizations become progressively dependable and produce food that are helpful for human utilization then they would have had more costumers and increasingly glad clients with regards to their wellbeing. We ought to likewise understand that there are acceptable and terrible out there and our decisions may think about how we settle on that choice. On the off chance that cheap food organizations were never settled this issue wouldn’t have existed. I feel that the organizations are at fault for beginning cheap food, however I don’t think they had a goal to make their customers corpulent yet they base it on business by making their establishment progressively moderate additionally imagine that the shoppers have no clue about what they are devouring because of the obliviousness in sustenance or wellbeing. Be that as it may, the vast majority know what’s great and terrible for them and it’s their decision and choice to purchase and expend whatever’s fortunate or unfortunate for them. What's more, I likewise feel that there is consistently a decent and awful to everything, similar to light for murkiness, the falsehood and reality, great individuals and awful and at times life resembles a magnet where there is a south and north post various fields one negative and the other positive. We as people should settle on the correct choices and decisions with regards to issues like this where we dissect the issue and concoct an answer. We are allowed to settle on decisions however we are not liberated from our preferred outcomes. They ought not leave the organization alone the main individuals that are dependable, yet they additionally need to realize that half of the time it’s their deficiency as well. In the event that they choose not to expend inexpensive food and receive top a characteristic solid eating routine, these organizations would have not become so quick and perpetrated people’s life thusly. The other explanation is that individuals ought to acknowledge what number of awful decisions they make, â€Å"If You Pitch It, They Will Eat† (Barboza). In the event that they use publicizing to advance food the individuals will expend it on the off chance that they persuade them, in light of the fact that it’s modest and simple and they reveal to you just the beneficial things about it which may tend you to not consider terrible things about it. There is another motivation behind why individuals are large. â€Å"It’s Portion Distortion That Makes People Fat. †. (Brownlee)According to this the measures of food served in American cafés are more than 2000 or 2500 calories and may surpass required. One calorie is how much vitality it takes to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1  °C. Also, the abundance calories and fat that we don’t use are put away in our bodies on the off chance that we don’t work out or practice those transform into fat. The other fixing is SUGAR otherwise called High fructose Corn Syrup and numerous other name s are given to this substance with the goal that individuals are uninformed what they are expending, this is extremely unsafe to your body it’s in Burgers to plates of mixed greens and it’s unfortunate to devour such fixings since it causes diabetes, coronary illness and numerous different sickness. They offer greater estimated drinks for a littler sum. They don’t care what they sell as long as it enables their business to create. This additionally gives us that the issue with cheap food organizations is that they serve more food than what’s required. Since individuals think the greater the food and the littler the value they got themselves a decent arrangement, yet it’s not the amount you spend that issues toward the end its the amount you expend. Individuals go to drive-through joints since they are too apathetic to even think about cooking and the cost is modest and it’s FAST, so it takes less time. Individuals ought to acknowledge what they put in their mouth, it’s like eating off a garbage can which is humanly appalling, yet we do understand the starvation in different pieces of the existence where we can observer this. Guardians are additionally liable for their kids’ diet. â€Å"It’s parental duty. †(Gonzalez). She is attempting to give us that guardians are answerable for what their youngsters put in their mouth. For example she needs to comprehend what they are letting them eat these undesirable food when there is accessible food in the fridge. â€Å"The Battle Against Fast Food Begins At Home. † (Weintraub) But individuals will in general eat inexpensive food since its efficient modest and quick. Inexpensive food organizations don’t care what they feed their clients they are simply worried about the benefit. On the off chance that guardians give their youngsters the time they merit they won't eat such food. â€Å"Eat a ton, never really get fat, eat a ton Exercise a great deal and remain solid. †(Mitch). On the off chance that we eat cheap food and still exercise, we will be fine. In any case, for certain individuals regardless of how much it’s extremely difficult for them to cut down their weight to ordinary. On the off chance that you simply eat and never really sit in front of the TV you are unquestionably gathering undesirable vitality which is put away in your body which causes muscle to fat ratio. The greater the room the more stuff you can place in, that’s how our body works so as to spare more vitality it makes more space and that’s what we call stoutness. There are individuals out there that don’t have different options other than cheap food. â€Å"Obese kids don’t approach options or calorie charts† (Pamela). Individuals once in a while don’t acknowledge what they get themselves into as a result of numbness in the field or a few people don’t have options. Presently McDonalds have their dietary benefits named on everything except for the print is little to the point that a few people will require a magnifying lens to take a gander at it. Just the cost is huge and engaging. â€Å"Fat People in America. (Schmoe)There was over 60% stout individuals in America including kids. Presently that has dropped to 30% and it’s remained steady for the most recent few years. What's more, individuals should take inexpensive food reasonably and not try too hard. â€Å"How Can You Put THAT In Your Mouth? † (Valencia). A few people realize how terrible cheap food is nevertheless they despite everything eat it since they are too lethargic to even think about making their own food. That lethargy is the thing that causes heftiness. â€Å"McDonalds Target Kids by giving them plays with the dinner and they have no comprehension about nutrition†. (Wong). I concur with him in such a case that McDonalds didn’t offer plays with their suppers there will be less children devouring it since they will have no explanation, their attempting to get children to eat it the first run through and they will hold returning for the toys or the food. â€Å"Don’t Blame The Eater. † (Zinczenco) Sometimes the eater won't comprehend what they are getting themselves into. This is the manner by which they support a drawn out business utilizing kids who have practically zero information about food or what sorts of food they ought to expend. â€Å"Why settle for undesirable, greasy, malady causing cheap food, when you can eat more advantageous nourishments? †(Dietrich)Why do individuals at any point settle on the decision to eat these nourishments on the off chance that they know it’s awful for them? It’s in light of the fact that it’s out there, you simply need to do what you believe is beneficial for you. We realize that Fast food organizations are answerable for advancing nourishments that are unfortunate for children to expend in light of the fact that children have no or little comprehend with regards to food. They should make an effort not to target kids and advance something that’s sound for children to eat. Grown-ups have a comprehension on what’s great and awful for them they should just not do what they believe isn't directly for them. What's more, the other explanation is that you can’t fault McDonalds in light of the fact that they are not liable for their decisions. They will turn over suing the engine organizations for speeding since they caused their vehicles to go quicker than 65MPH. There is a breaking point to everything, you simply need to adhere to it. On the off chance that you can’t assume liability for your own decisions who do you figure will do it for you.

Consumer Related Reference Group Essay Sample free essay sample

Group:A gathering might be characterized as at least two individuals who cooperate to help through either individual or regular closures. It types are as follows:1 ) Intimate Group: at least two people who do any endeavor or work together whether they are intrigued or non. 2 ) Formal Group: A gathering of large no. of individuals who are larning or executing an equivalent endeavor in view of their ain inclusion. 3 ) Nonreversible Group: It is a kind of gathering wherein a single customer watches the visual perspective or activities of others. who accidentally fill in as utilization related capacity hypothetical records. 4 ) Membership Group: It is a kind of gathering which is characterized by a position. It is a gathering to which an individual either has a place or would gauge up for rank. 5 ) Symbolic Group: It is sort of gathering in which a man is non liable to have rank. regardless of moving like a part by following the group’s values. We will compose a custom article test on Customer Related Reference Group Essay Sample or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page mentalities. what's more, conduct. UNDERSTANDING THE POWER OF REFERENCE GROUPS:? REFERENCE GROUPS: A notice bunch is any individual or gathering that fills in as a state of looking at ( or notice ) for a man in sorting out either broad or explicit qualities. mentalities. or on the other hand a particular attendant for conduct. It gives an important situation to understanding the effect of others on an individual’s ingestion convictions. mentalities. what's more, conduct. It other than gives entrance into the strategies merchants at times use to result wanted adjustments in buyer conduct. ? Marketers’ Position:Mention bunches are bunches that fill in as edges ( If notice for people in their buy or ingestion conclusions. The utility of this develop is improved by the way that it puts no impediments on bunch size or rank. nor does it require that buyers relate to a touchable gathering ( I. e. . the gathering can be emblematic, for example, owners of effective little concerns. taking corporate primary official officials. stone stars. or then again golf renowned people ) . ? Regularizing REFERENCE GROUPS:Mention bunches that impact general or inexactly characterized qualities or practices are called regulating notice gatherings. For delineation. a child’s notice bunch is his family unit which plays a basic capacity in throwing of child’s customer practices and qualities. ( Such as Food. Dress and Shop ) . Standardizing Mention bunches impact the improvement of essential codification of conduct. ? COMPARITIVE REFERENCE GROUP:Mention bunches that fill in as benchmarks for specific or barely characterized perspectives or conduct are called relative notice gatherings. A similar notice gathering may be a contiguous family unit whose way of life seems, by all accounts, to be praiseworthy and deserving of impersonation ( the way they keep up their place. their pick of spot trappingss and automobiles. their gustatory sensation in vesture. or then again the figure and kinds of holidaies they take ) . Relative notice gatherings. follow up on the vibe of explicit purchaser mentalities and conduct. Almost certainly, the particular impacts of similar notice gatherings to some progression rely upon the fundamental qualities and conduct structures set up right off the bat in a person’s improvement by standardizing notice gatherings. ? DIRECT REFERENCE GROUPS:It is a gathering with whom an individual associated on an immediate balance (, for example, family unit and dear companions ) . It is a gathering which impact or notice a person on direct coordinated balance. So. the believability of that gathering could be higher than other gathering. ? Circuitous REFERENCE GROUP:Indirect notice bunches comprise of those people or gatherings with whom an individual does non hold direct up close and personal contact. for example, film stars. athleticss saints. political pioneers. TV characters. or then again even great - dressed and fascinating looking individuals in the city. Referents:Referents an individual may use in estimating their ain general or explicit mentalities or conduct fluctuate from one individual to a few family individuals. to a more extensive liking or from an intentional relationship to a cultural classification. a calling. a social gathering. a network. an age class or even a state or human advancement. Elements THAT AFFECT REFERENCE GROUP INFLUENCE:The evaluation of impact that a notice bunch applies on an individual’s conduct ordinarily relies upon the idea of the individual and the product and on explicit cultural elements. ? Data and Experience:An individual who has firsthand involvement in a product or administration. or on the other hand can simple acquire full Information about it. is more averse to be affected by the counsel or representation of others. On the different manus. a person who has practically zero involvement in a product or administration and does non envision to hold dish to target data about it ( e. g. . a person who accepts that notice might be misleading or deceptive ) is bound to search out the counsel or outline of others. ? Validity. Engaging quality. what's more, Power of the Reference Group: A notice bunch that is seen as reasonable. alluring. or on the other hand incredible can welcome on purchaser mentality and conduct change. For representation. at the point when buyers are worried about getting exact data about the open introduction or nature of a product or administration. they are probably going to be convinced by those whom they think about trusty and knowing. That is. they are bound to be convinced by beginnings with high believability. At the point when buyers are predominantly worried about the confidence or gift of others they like. with whom they recognize. or then again who offer them position or different advantages. they are probably going to follow their product. exchange name. or then again other social highlights. At the point when shoppers are mainly worried about the force that an individual or gathering can practice over them. they may take stocks or administrations that fit in with the standards of that individual or gathering so as to stay away from disparagement or punishment. ? Prominence of the Merchandise:The conceivable impact of a notice bunch on a buy assurance shifts fitting to how outwardly or verbally obvious the product is to other people. An outwardly prominent product is one that wills champion and is seen (, for example, an extravagance point or curiosity stock ) ; a verbally prominent product might be very fascinating. or on the other hand it potentially simple portrayed to other people. Stocks that are especially prominent and position exposure are well on the way to be bought with an oculus to the responses of applicable others. ? Reference Groups and Consumer Conformity:Sellers may hold disparate closures regarding buyer conformance. A few venders. especially advertise pioneers. are keen on the capacity of notice gatherings to change buyer mentalities and conduct by advancing conformance. To be able to do such impact. a notice bunch must bring through the devotees: 1. Educate or do the single mindful of a particular product or exchange name. 2. Gracefully the individual with the opportunity to contrast their ain idea and the mentalities and conduct of the gathering. 3. Impact the individual to follow mentalities and conduct that are predictable with the standards of the gathering. 4. Legitimize the assurance to use indistinguishable stocks from the gathering. Advertisers. who are liable for another exchange name or an exchange name that is non tj1emarket pioneer. may wish to choose a plan that requests that buyers strike out and be unique and non simply follow the group while doing a buy assurance. Constructive Influences on Conformity:Group Features:†¢ Attractiveness†¢ Expertness†¢ Credibility†¢ Past Success†¢ Clarity of Group GoalsPersonal Features:†¢ Tendency to Conform†¢ Need for Affiliation†¢ Need to be Liked†¢ Desire for Control†¢ Fear of Negative Evaluation Elements Encouraging Conformity:†¢ Inform or do the single mindful of a particular product or exchange name. †¢ Supply the individual with the opportunity to contrast their ain idea and the mentalities and conduct of the gathering. †¢ Influence the individual to follow perspectives and conduct that are steady with the standards of the gathering. †¢ Legalize the assurance to use indistinguishable stocks from the gathering. Chosen CONSUMER RELATED REFERENCE GROUPS:Consumers are possibly impacted by an assorted extent of individuals that they interact with or distinguish. The family unit is perchance the most convincing notice bunch for shopper conduct. The five kinds of gatherings that impact shopper perspectives and conduct are as per the following: 1. Kinship Group:Friendship bunches are ordinarily delegated casual gatherings since they are regularly unstructured and inadequacy explicit approval degrees. In footings of relative impact. after an individual’s family. his of her companions are well on the way to follow up on the individual’s buy judgments. Companions satisfy an expansive extent of requests: They give organization. security. furthermore, opportunities to talk occupations that a man might be hesitant to talk with family unit individuals. Fellowships are other than a characteristic of adulthood and independency. for they speak to a hindering off from the family unit and the framing of cultural ties with the outside universe. 2. Shoping Group:Two or more individuals who shop together. regardless of whether for supplement. for vesture. or on the other hand only to experience the clasp can be known as a shopping gathering. Such gatherings are much of the time outgrowths of family unit or agreeable relationship bunches gesture. subsequently. they work as privation has been alluded to as buy amigos. The intentions in shopping with a buy buddy scope from an essentially cultural inspiration to helping chop down the peril while doing an of import assurance. In situations where none of the individuals from the shopping bunch knows. much about the product viable a sho

Disclosing Your PTSD Diagnosis

Disclosing Your PTSD Diagnosis PTSD Diagnosis Print Disclosing Your PTSD Diagnosis By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Updated on October 21, 2019 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children Tetra Images / Creative RF / Getty Images Have you recently been diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and are you thinking of disclosing your PTSD diagnosis to someone? This can be a stressful experience, as well as a positive one. When someone learns that they have PTSD, they may not be that surprised. Receiving a diagnosis can actually be a positive experience. People may be comforted by the fact that there is a name for the number of symptoms that they are experiencing. Being diagnosed with PTSD may also bring about a sense of hope. Even though recovery from PTSD can be a long and difficult road, there are a number of effective treatments for PTSD. However, PTSD may also be associated with some stigma. That is, some people may view PTSD as a sign that they are weak or damaged in some way. They may be ashamed of having the diagnosis or view it as their fault, as though they did something to cause it. Outsiders may think this of those diagnosed as well. As a result, people may avoid disclosing their diagnosis to people they are close to, such as family and friends. The Importance of Telling Others Disclosing that you have PTSD to people in your life (especially loved ones) is important. Loved ones can be an excellent source of social support, which has been found to be incredibly beneficial for people with PTSD. Social support may speed up recovery from PTSD and help someone overcome the effects of a traumatic event. Yet, telling others about your PTSD diagnosis can be a very difficult and stressful thing to do. Here are some tips that may make the process of disclosing your PTSD to loved ones a bit easier. How to Help a Loved One With PTSD Learn About the Diagnosis Before you tell anyone about your PTSD diagnosis, it is important that you understand the diagnosis yourself. Learn as much as you can about PTSD. PTSD is often misunderstood, and it is very possible that your loved ones will have many questions about PTSD. Make sure that you can address those questions or, at the very least, direct them to resources to get their questions answered. Identify People That You Trust and Who Can Provide Support You do not need to tell everyone about your PTSD. Who should you tell? Share the information with those people who are going to be understanding, trustworthy, and supportive. There are a number of characteristics that you should look for in establishing a source of social support. In deciding who to tell about your PTSD diagnosis, try to see who in your life has a number of these characteristics. Coping With PTSD Set Aside a Time to Tell Others After you identify who you are going to tell about your PTSD diagnosis, make sure you set aside a good time to do so. Telling someone about your PTSD diagnosis can be a stressful thing to do. It may be uncomfortable and/or anxiety-provoking for you. It can be an emotional experience for both people involved, so make sure that you do it in a place and at a time that is not stressful for you. Invite a friend over for tea. Take a family member out to lunch. You want to set up a situation where you have the persons undivided attention. You Choose What to Disclose What to disclose is completely up to you. Give the person enough information to understand the diagnosis and make sure to let them know how they can help. You do not need to tell your loved ones everything. For example, you do not need to disclose specific information about your traumatic event. If someone asks you an uncomfortable question that you do not want to answer, it is perfectly OK to simply say, Im sorry, but I am not ready to talk about that yet. Prepare beforehand by coming up with some things you can say if someone asks you a question you do not want to answer. Eliminate Confusion About PTSD Be prepared to give them the basics on PTSD. Tell them what symptoms commonly occur in PTSD and why. If you are telling someone who is going to be providing you with social support, it is important that they have a good foundation of knowledge on PTSD. They need to understand why certain symptoms and behaviors occur, what they look like, and how they can be addressed. Talk to Others With PTSD If you know other people with PTSD, talk to them to see how they disclosed their diagnosis to loved ones. What worked well for them? What would they do differently if they had to do it again? You can gain some valuable information from the experiences of others with PTSD or who are recovering from PTSD. Prepare Yourself in Case They Dont Understand Finally, prepare yourself for the possibility that someone may not be supportive or understanding of what you are going through. Sometimes people may not be ready to hear what you have to tell them. This can be a very difficult experience to encounter, and it has the potential to make you feel ashamed or embarrassed. It may also prevent you from seeking out support from others. Before you tell anyone about your PTSD, make sure you have some coping skills ready to deal with the possibility that someone may not give you the response you want. Remind yourself that that is about them, not you. Remember You Are in Control In the end, it is important for you to know that you do not have to disclose your PTSD to anyone before you are ready. You are in control. You decide who to disclose your diagnosis to and when. PTSD is never a sign of weakness, and it is never the fault of the person with the diagnosis. Surrounding yourself with people who understand, care for and support you, can greatly reduce the stigma around a PTSD diagnosis and ?aid in recovery. PTSD can be a difficult diagnosis to cope with. However, recovery is definitely possible. Treatments for PTSD

Analysis of Parenthood Free Essay Example, 1500 words

The text involves analysis of ethical concepts such as rights based approach and utilitarianism. Introduction It would not be a mistake to point out that the social environment should be regarded as one of the irreplaceable prerequisites for the development of the human inner potential. However, any society consists of smaller units, known as families. While families choose not to give birth to children, the majority regards this as their primary function. Nevertheless, the concept of parenting is not as simple as it seems: there are numerous ethical aspects that are involved in it beginning from the very right to being a parent and up to what makes a person qualify as a parent. Discussion of ideas To begin with, it would be advantageous to analyze the idea of right of parenthood. If one takes a close look at the history of the development of the social environment, one can not help noticing that the public has always defined the limits of parenthood. In other words, this category is not objective and is largely influences by the peculiarities of social life. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Parenthood or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now For example, closer to the end of the previous century, right to parenthood was not seen as an exclusive right of heterosexuals, but this scope was enlarged to cover homosexuals as well (Hanscombe, 1983, 134). In any case this issue should be viewed from different perspectives: a legal right that every citizen is entitled to as well as a moral right of a person. It must be noted that there are numerous families who are willing to become parents, but are not able to because of various reasons. While there may be biological obstacles, such as lack of fertility, same sex couples are also experiencing a desire to have a child. The latest technological advancements suggest that theoretically it is possible to give birth to a child that will be genetically to two same sex parents (Newson, 2005, 185). In other words, the society actively supports all kinds of families that would like to act as parents. Nevertheless, this support does not mean that there sh ould be a universal right to become a parent, as there may be certain aspects that make a person unfit for this role. For example, the applicable law as well as public opinion suggests that those individuals who are experiencing some kind of addiction or are not mature enough should not be recognized as parents (Schepard, 2004, 15). In other words, if a person is not independent enough in various meanings of this notion, one should become a parent. Speaking of the way a person may be recognized as a one who qualifies for a role of a good parent, one should point out that this is primarily carried out through personal determination as well as public opinion.

A Secret Weapon for Different Essay Topics of Natural Disasters

A Secret Weapon for Different Essay Topics of Natural Disasters Explore issues which might not be evident to the reader. Now I wish to talk about this issue from various perspcetives. The topic is extremely urgent today, because every year many nations face the issue of all-natural disasters or understand how to cope with this. It's a globalization problem happened in all around the world. Some islands have active volcanoes and people are frightened to live near the region where there's a volcano. Earthquakes can affect people in many various ways in countries all around the world. Key catastrophes are occurring once a fortnight normally. What You Must Know About Different Essay Topics of Natural Disasters To conclude, the financial cost credited to natural catastrophes is at an all-time high. The government can benefit from the destruction and utilize it like a chance to reconstruct the country utilizing the most recent technology. The majority of states still don't hav e the vital supplies and plans to manage these sorts of situations. As a consequence of little media coverage, only a small percent of the money required for relief and the rebuilding the region was received. Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Different Essay Topics of Natural Disasters Is Wrong The majority of the questions are on current topics, therefore staying current with what's going on in the world is really going to help you think of ideas. A podcast about vacations that you have not ever taken. For more data on the most typical topics, please visit my most frequent topics page. The degree of damage due to natural disasters is determined by a nation's disaster preparedness, along with quality of its structures. A dam can't result in an earthquake by itself. Natural tragedies affect different financial elements that help in defining the way the disasters have affected the economy. Because of this famine was avoided. Meteorological disasters these sorts of disasters are caused as a result of disruption of the customary weather and climate in the area that results in a sudden spell of extreme weather. We can stop many all-natural disasters. There are several sorts of organic events that could spell disaster for us. Lots of people acted heroically in the wake of Hurricane Katrina. Moreover, whenever there are a few special all-natural disaster that can't reduce or block by human behavior, we want to know how to response the emergency. There are several distinctive disasters that you may cover that is will be simple to choose a topic. Different Essay Topics of Natural Disasters Help! Records of the missing can be found everywhere in the planet, often in forms that are tough to overlook. Pick one particular thing about the U.S. Constitution including its amendments that you believe ought to be changed. Government plays an essential roll in the rehabilitation of a nation or region the moment it gets paralyzed by a pure disaster. Furthermore, in the event the government is not able to rebuild the destroyed structures, then the effect gets austere. Definitions of Different Essay Topics of Natural Disasters That sort of topic is going to have you and your reader entertained the entire time you do the paper. An essay is a brief research together with the personal opinion. A photo essay is a set of pictures with a general topic or theme. While the absolutely free essays may give you inspiration for writing, they cannot be used `as is' because they won't satisfy your assignment's requirements. Where to Find Different Essay Topics of Natural Disasters Approximating the level of technology employed in an economy is an ambitious exertion, which is examined by deciding the association between the all-natural tragedies and overall factor productivity. They don't damage physical capital and hence, can't alter the degree of technology in an economy. From the long-term trend, it is going to have neighborhood climate change in every region. But MEDCS can cope better with the impacts and they're able to overcome the lengthy term impact more easily than LEDCS. After lots of research it's still not k nown how volcanic eruption can be avoided. Some of the most significant information pulled from this archeological website, is actually information regarding earthquakes, and a few things which were discovered to occur shortly before an earthquake while Soto was researching the region. For example, the wiping from the dinosaurs was because of a massive scale natural disaster. When lightning strikes a moving ship, plane, building, or quite a few people anywhere, it's thought of as a pure disaster.

Foundation and Empire 22. Death On Neotrantor Free Essays

string(63) " had been here some months ago on a†¦ matter of business\." NEOTRANTOR The small planet of Delicass, renamed after the Great Sack, was for nearly a century, the seat of the last dynasty of the First Empire. It was a shadow world and a shadow Empire and its existence is only of legalistic importance. Under the first of the Neotrantorian dynasty†¦ Encyclopedia Galactica Neotrantor was the name! New Trantor! And when you have said the name you have exhausted at a stroke all the resemblances of the new Trantor to the great original. We will write a custom essay sample on Foundation and Empire 22. Death On Neotrantor or any similar topic only for you Order Now Two parsecs away, the sun of Old Trantor still shone and the Galaxy’s Imperial Capital of the previous century still cut through space in the silent and eternal repetition of its orbit. Men even inhabited Old Trantor. Not many – a hundred million, perhaps, where fifty years before, forty billions had swarmed. The huge, metal world was in jagged splinters. The towering thrusts of the multi-towers from the single world-girdling base were torn and empty – still bearing the original blastholes and firegut – shards of the Great Sack of forty years earlier. It was strange that a world which had been the center of a Galaxy for two thousand years – that had ruled limitless space and been home to legislators and rulers whose whims spanned the parsecs – could die in a month. It was strange that a world which had been untouched through the vast conquering sweeps and retreats of a millennia, and equally untouched by the civil wars and palace revolutions of other millennia – should lie dead at last. It was strange that the Glory of the Galaxy should be a rotting corpse. And pathetic! For centuries would yet pass before the mighty works of fifty generations of humans would decay past use. Only the declining powers of men, themselves, rendered them useless now. The millions left after the billions had died tore up the gleaming metal base of the planet and exposed soil that had not felt the touch of sun in a thousand years. Surrounded by the mechanical perfections of human efforts, encircled by the industrial marvels of mankind freed of the tyranny of environment – they returned to the land. In the huge traffic clearings, wheat and corn grew. In the shadow of the towers, sheep grazed. But Neotrantor existed – an obscure village of a planet drowned in the shadow of mighty Trantor, until a heart-throttled royal family, racing before the fire and flame of the Great Sack sped to it as its last refuge – and held out there, barely, until the roaring wave of rebellion subsided. There it ruled in ghostly splendor over a cadaverous remnant of Imperium. Twenty agricultural worlds were a Galactic Empire! Dagobert IX, ruler of twenty worlds of refractory squires and sullen peasants, was Emperor of the Galaxy, Lord of the Universe. Dagobert IX had been twenty-five on the bloody day he arrived with his father upon Neotrantor. His eyes and mind were still alive with the glory and the power of the Empire that was. But his son, who might one day be Dagobert X, was born on Neotrantor. Twenty worlds were all he knew. Jord Commason’s open air car was the finest vehicle of its type on all Neotrantor – and, after all, justly so. It did not end with the fact that Commason was the largest landowner on Neotrantor. It began there. For in earlier days he had been the companion and evil genius of a young crown prince, restive in the dominating grip of a middle-aged emperor. And now he was the companion and still the evil genius of a middle-aged crown prince who hated and dominated an old emperor. So Jord Commason, in his air car, which in mother-of-pearl finish and gold-and-lumetron ornamentation needed no coat of arms as owner’s identification, surveyed the lands that were his, and the miles of rolling wheat that were his, and the huge threshers and harvesters that were his, and the tenant-farmers and machine-tenders that were his – and considered his problems cautiously. Beside him, his bent and withered chauffeur guided the ship gently through the upper winds and smiled. Jord Commason spoke to the wind, the air, and the sky, â€Å"You remember what I told you, Inchney?† Inchney’s thin gray hair wisped lightly in the wind. His gap-toothed smile widened in its thin-lipped fashion and the vertical wrinkles of his cheeks deepened as though he were keeping an eternal secret from himself. The whisper of his voice whistled between his teeth. â€Å"I remember, sire, and I have thought.† â€Å"And what have you thought, Inchney?† There was an impatience about the question. Inchney remembered that he had been young and handsome, and a lord on Old Trantor. Inchney remembered that he was a disfigured ancient on Neotrantor, who lived by grace of Squire Jord Commason, and paid for the grace by lending his subtlety on request. He sighed very softly. He whispered again, â€Å"Visitors from the Foundation, sire, are a convenient thing to have. Especially, sire, when they come with but a single ship, and but a single fighting man. How welcome they might be.† â€Å"Welcome?† said Commason, gloomily. â€Å"Perhaps so. But those men are magicians and may be powerful.† â€Å"Pugh,† muttered Inchney, â€Å"the mistiness of distance hides the truth. The Foundation is but a world. Its citizens are but men. If you blast them, they die.† Inchney held the ship on its course – A river was a winding sparkle below. He whispered, â€Å"And is there not a man they speak of now who stirs the worlds of the Periphery?† Commason was suddenly suspicious. â€Å"What do you know of this?† There was no smile on his chauffeur’s face. â€Å"Nothing, sire. It was but an idle question.† The squire’s hesitation was short. He said, with brutal directness, â€Å"Nothing you ask is idle, and your method of acquiring knowledge will have your scrawny neck in a vise yet. But – I have it! This man is called the Mule, and a subject of his had been here some months ago on a†¦ matter of business. You read "Foundation and Empire 22. Death On Neotrantor" in category "Essay examples" I await another†¦ now†¦ for its conclusion.† â€Å"And these newcomers? They are not the ones you want, perhaps?† â€Å"They lack the identification they should have.† â€Å"It has been reported that the Foundation has been captured-â€Å" â€Å"I did not tell you that.† â€Å"It has been so reported,† continued Inchney, coolly, â€Å"and if that is correct, then these may be refugees from the destruction, and may be held for the Mule’s man out of honest friendship.† â€Å"Yes?† Commason was uncertain. â€Å"And, sire, since it is well-known that the friend of a conqueror is but the last victim, it would be but a measure of honest self-defense. For there are such things as psychic probes, and here we have four Foundation brains. There is much about the Foundation it would be useful to know, much even about the Mule. And then the Mule’s friendship would be a trifle the less overpowering.† Commason, in the quiet of the upper air, returned with a shiver to his first thought. â€Å"But if the Foundation has not fallen. If the reports are lies. It is said that it has been foretold it can not fall.† â€Å"We are past the age of soothsayers, sire.† â€Å"And yet if it did not fall, Inchney. Think! If it did not fall. The Mule made me promises, indeed-† He had gone too far, and backtracked. â€Å"That is, he made boasts. But boasts are wind and deeds are hard.† Inchney laughed noiselessly. â€Å"Deeds are hard indeed, until begun. One could scarcely find a further fear than a Galaxy-end Foundation.† â€Å"There is still the prince,† murmured Commason, almost to himself. â€Å"He deals with the Mule also, then, sire?† Commason could not quite choke down the complacent shift of features. â€Å"Not entirely. Not as I do. But he grows wilder, more uncontrollable. A demon is upon him. If I seize these people and he takes them away for his own use – for he does not lack a certain shrewdness – I am not yet ready to quarrel with him.† He frowned and his heavy cheeks bent downwards with dislike. â€Å"I saw those strangers for a few moments yesterday,† said the gray chauffeur, irrelevantly, â€Å"and it is a strange woman, that dark one. she walks with the freedom of a man and she is of a startling paleness against the dark luster of hair.† There was almost a warmth in the husky whisper of the withered voice, so that Commason turned toward him in sudden surprise. Inchney continued, â€Å"The prince, I think, would not find his shrewdness proof against a reasonable compromise. You could have the rest, if you left him the girl-â€Å" A light broke upon Commason, â€Å"A thought! Indeed a thought! Inchney, turn back! And Inchney, if all turns well, we will discuss further this matter of your freedom.† It was with an almost superstitious sense of symbolism that Commason found a Personal Capsule waiting for him in his private study when he returned. It had arrived by a wavelength known to few. Commason smiled a fat smile. The Mule’s man was coming and the Foundation had indeed fallen. Bayta’s misty visions, when she had them, of an Imperial palace, did not jibe with the reality, and inside her, there was a vague sense of disappointment. The room was small, almost plain, almost ordinary. The palace did not even match the mayor’s residence back at the Foundation – and Dagobert IX – Bayta had definite ideas of what an emperor ought to look like. He ought not look like somebody’s benevolent grandfather. He ought not be thin and white and faded – or serving cups of tea with his own hand in an expressed anxiety for the comfort of his visitors. But so it was. Dagobert IX chuckled as he poured tea into her stiffly outheld cup. â€Å"This is a great pleasure for me, my dear. It is a moment away from ceremony and courtiers. I have not had the opportunity for welcoming visitors from my outer provinces for a time now. My son takes care of these details now that I’m older. You haven’t met my son? A fine boy. Headstrong, perhaps. But then he’s young. Do you care for a flavor capsule? No?† Toran attempted an interruption, â€Å"Your imperial majesty-â€Å" â€Å"Yes?† â€Å"Your imperial majesty, it has not been our intention to intrude upon you-â€Å" â€Å"Nonsense, there is no intrusion. Tonight there will be the official reception, but until then, we are free. Let’s see, where did you say you were from? It seems a long time since we had an official reception. You said you were from the Province of Anacreon?† â€Å"From the Foundation, your imperial majesty!† â€Å"Yes, the Foundation. I remember now. I had it located. It is in the Province of Anacreon. I have never been there. My doctor forbids extensive traveling. I don’t recall any recent reports from my viceroy at Anacreon. How are conditions there?† he concluded anxiously. â€Å"Sire,† mumbled Toran, â€Å"I bring no complaints.† â€Å"That is gratifying. I will commend my viceroy.† Toran looked helplessly at Ebling Mis, whose brusque voice rose. â€Å"Sire, we have been told that it will require your permission for us to visit the Imperial University Library on Trantor.† â€Å"Trantor?† questioned the emperor, mildly, â€Å"Trantor?† Then a look of puzzled pain crossed his thin face. â€Å"Trantor?† he whispered. â€Å"I remember now. I am making plans now to return there with a flood of ships at my back. You shall come with me. Together we will destroy the rebel, Gilmer. Together we shall restore the empire!† His bent back had straightened. His voice had strengthened. For a moment his eyes were hard. Then, he blinked and said softly, â€Å"But Gilmer is dead. I seem to remember – Yes. Yes! Gilmer is dead! Trantor is dead – For a moment, it seemed – Where was it you said you came from?† Magnifico whispered to Bayta, â€Å"Is this really an emperor? For somehow I thought emperors were greater and wiser than ordinary men.† Bayta motioned him quiet. She said, â€Å"If your imperial majesty would but sign an order permitting us to go to Trantor, it would avail greatly the common cause.† â€Å"To Trantor?† The emperor was blank and uncomprehending. â€Å"Sire, the Viceroy of Anacreon, in whose name we speak, sends word that Gilmer is yet alive-â€Å" â€Å"Alive! Alive!† thundered Dagobert. â€Å"Where? It will be war!† â€Å"Your imperial majesty, it must not yet be known. His whereabouts are uncertain. The viceroy sends us to acquaint you of the fact, and it is only on Trantor that we may find his hiding place. Once discovered-â€Å" â€Å"Yes, yes – He must be found-† The old emperor doddered to the wall and touched the little photocell with a trembling finger. He muttered, after an ineffectual pause, â€Å"My servants do not come. I can not wait for them.† He was scribbling on a blank sheet, and ended with a flourished â€Å"D.† He said, â€Å"Gilmer will yet learn the power of his emperor. Where was it you came from? Anacreon? What are the conditions there? Is the name of the emperor powerful?† Bayta took the paper from his loose fingers, â€Å"Your imperial majesty is beloved by the people. Your love for them is widely known.† â€Å"I shall have to visit my good people of Anacreon, but my doctor says†¦ I don’t remember what he says, but-† He looked up, his old gray eyes sharp, â€Å"Were you saying something of Gilmer?† â€Å"No, your imperial majesty.† â€Å"He shall not advance further. Go back and tell your people that. Trantor shall hold! My father leads the fleet now, and the rebel vermin Gilmer shall freeze in space with his regicidal rabble.† He staggered into a seat and his eyes were blank once more. â€Å"What was I saying?† Toran rose and bowed low, â€Å"Your imperial majesty has been kind to us, but the time allotted us for an audience is over. â€Å" For a moment, Dagobert IX looked like an emperor indeed as he rose and stood stiff-backed while, one by one, his visitors retreated backward through the door – to where twenty armed men intervened and locked a circle about them. A hand-weapon flashed- To Bayta, consciousness returned sluggishly, but without the â€Å"Where am I?† sensation. She remembered clearly the odd old man who called himself emperor, and the other men who waited outside. The arthritic tingle in her finger joints meant a stun pistol. She kept her eyes closed, and listened with painful attention to the voices. There were two of them. One was slow and cautious, with a slyness beneath the surface obsequity. The other was hoarse and thick, almost sodden, and blurted out in viscous spurts. Bayta liked neither. The thick voice was predominant. Bayta caught the last words, â€Å"He will live forever, that old madman. It wearies me. It annoys me. Commason, I will have it. I grow older, too.† â€Å"Your highness, let us first see of what use these people are. It may be we shall have sources of strength other than your father still provides.† The thick voice was lost in a bubbling whisper. Bayta caught only the phrase, † -the girl-† but the other, fawning voice was a nasty, low, running chuckle followed by a comradely, near-patronizing, â€Å"Dagobert, you do not age. They lie who say you are not a youth of twenty.† They laughed together, and Bayta’s blood was an icy trickle. Dagobert – your highness – The old emperor had spoken of a headstrong son, and the implication of the whispers now beat dully upon her. But such things didn’t happen to people in real life- Toran’s voice broke upon her in a slow, hard current of cursing. She opened her eyes, and Toran’s, which were upon her, showed open relief. He said, fiercely, â€Å"This banditry will be answered by the emperor. Release us.† It dawned upon Bayta that her wrists and ankles were fastened to wall and floor by a tight attraction field. Thick Voice approached Toran. He was paunchy, his lower eyelids puffed darkly, and his hair was thinning out. There was a gay feather in his peaked hat, and the edging of his doublet was embroidered with silvery metal-foam. He sneered with a heavy amusement. â€Å"The emperor? The poor, mad emperor?† â€Å"I have his pass. No subject may hinder our freedom.† â€Å"But I am no subject, space-garbage. I am the regent and crown prince and am to be addressed as such. As for my poor silly father, it amuses him to see visitors occasionally. And we humor him. It tickles his mock-imperial fancy. But, of course, it has no other meaning.† And then he was before Bayta, and she looked up at him contemptuously. He leaned close and his breath was overpoweringly minted. He said, â€Å"Her eyes suit well, Commason – she is even prettier with them open. I think she’ll do. It will be an exotic dish for a jaded taste, eh?† There was a futile surge upwards on Toran’s part, which the crown prince ignored and Bayta felt the iciness travel outward to the skin. Ebling Mis was still out; head lolling weakly upon his chest, but, with a sensation of surprise, Bayta noted that Magnifico’s eyes were open, sharply open, as though awake for many minutes. Those large brown eyes swiveled towards Bayta and stared at her out of a doughy face. He whimpered, and nodded with his head towards the crown prince, â€Å"That one has my Visi-Sonor.† The crown prince turned sharply toward the new voice, â€Å"This is yours, monster?† He swung the instrument from his shoulder where it had hung, suspended by its green strap, unnoticed by Bayta. He fingered it clumsily, tried to sound a chord and got nothing for his pains, â€Å"Can you play it, monster?† Magnifico nodded once. Toran said suddenly, â€Å"You’ve rifled a ship of the Foundation. If the emperor will not avenge, the Foundation will.† It was the other, Commason, who answered slowly, â€Å"What Foundation? Or is the Mule no longer the Mule?† There was no answer to that. The prince’s grin showed large uneven teeth. The clown’s binding field was broken and he was nudged ungently to his feet. The Visi-Sonor was thrust into his hand. â€Å"Play for us, monster,† said the prince. â€Å"Play us a serenade of love and beauty for our foreign lady here. Tell her that my father’s country prison is no palace, but that I can take her to one where she can swim in rose water – and know what a prince’s love is. Sing of a prince’s love, monster.† He placed one thick thigh upon a marble table and swung a leg idly, while his fatuous smiling stare swept Bayta into a silent rage. Toran’s sinews strained against the field, in painful, perspiring effort. Ebling Mis stirred and moaned. Magnifico gasped, â€Å"My fingers are of useless stiffness-â€Å" â€Å"Play, monster!† roared the prince. The lights dimmed at a gesture to Commason and in the dimness he crossed his arms and waited. Magnifico drew his fingers in rapid, rhythmic jumps from end to end of the multikeyed instrument – and a sharp, gliding rainbow of light jumped across the room. A low, soft tone sounded – throbbing, tearful. It lifted in sad laughter, and underneath it there sounded a dull tolling. The darkness seemed to intensify and grow thick. Music reached Bayta through the muffled folds of invisible blankets. Gleaming light reached her from the depths as though a single candle glowed at the bottom of a pit. Automatically, her eyes strained. The light brightened, but remained blurred. It moved fuzzily, in confused color, and the music was suddenly brassy, evil – flourishing in high crescendo. The light flickered quickly, in swift motion to the wicked rhythm. Something writhed within the light. Something with poisonous metallic scales writhed and yawned. And the music writhed and yawned with it. Bayta struggled with a strange emotion and then caught herself in a mental gasp. Almost, it reminded her of the time in the Time Vault, of those last days on Haven. It was that horrible, cloying, clinging spiderweb of horror and despair. She shrunk beneath it oppressed. The music dinned upon her, laughing horribly, and the writhing terror at the wrong end of the telescope in the small circle of light was lost as she turned feverishly away. Her forehead was wet and cold. The music died. It must have lasted fifteen minutes, and a vast pleasure at its absence flooded Bayta. Light glared, and Magnifico’s face was close to hers, sweaty, wild-eyed, lugubrious. â€Å"My lady,† he gasped, â€Å"how fare you?† â€Å"Well enough,† she whispered, â€Å"but why did you play like that?† She became aware of the others in the room. Toran and Mis were limp and helpless against the wall, but her eyes skimmed over them. There was the prince, lying strangely still at the foot of the table. There was Commason, moaning wildly through an open, drooling mouth. Commason flinched, and yelled mindlessly, as Magnifico took a step towards him. Magnifico turned, and with a leap, turned the others loose. Toran lunged upwards and with eager, taut fists seized the landowner by the neck, â€Å"You come with us. We’ll want you – to make sure we get to our ship.† Two hours later, in the ship’s kitchen, Bayta served a walloping homemade pie, and Magnifico celebrated the return to space by attacking it with a magnificent disregard of table manners. â€Å"Good, Magnifico?† â€Å"Um-m-m-m!† â€Å"Magnifico?† â€Å"Yes, my lady?† â€Å"What was it you played back there?† The clown writhed, â€Å"I†¦ I’d rather not say. I learned it once, and the Visi-Sonor is of an effect upon the nervous system most profound. Surely, it was an evil thing, and not for your sweet innocence, my lady.† â€Å"Oh, now, come, Magnifico. I’m not as innocent as that. Don’t flatter so. Did I see anything like what they saw?† â€Å"I hope not. I played it for them only. If you saw, it was but the rim of it – from afar.† â€Å"And that was enough. Do you know you knocked the prince out?† Magnifico spoke grimly through a large, muffling piece of pie. â€Å"I killed him, my lady.† â€Å"What?† She swallowed, painfully. â€Å"He was dead when I stopped, or I would have continued. I cared not for Commason. His greatest threat was death or torture. But, my lady, this prince looked upon you wickedly, and-† he choked in a mixture of indignation and embarrassment. Bayta felt strange thoughts come and repressed them sternly. â€Å"Magnifico, you’ve got a gallant soul.† â€Å"Oh, my lady.† He bent a red nose into his pie, but, somehow did not eat. Ebling Mis stared out the port. Trantor was near – its metallic shine fearfully bright. Toran was standing there, too. He said with dull bitterness, â€Å"We’ve come for nothing, Ebling. The Mule’s man precedes us.† Ebling Mis rubbed his forehead with a hand that seemed shriveled out of its former plumpness. His voice was an abstracted mutter. Toran was annoyed. â€Å"I say those people know the Foundation has fallen. I say-â€Å" â€Å"Eh?† Mis looked up, puzzled. Then, he placed a gentle hand upon Toran’s wrist, in complete oblivion of any previous conversation, â€Å"Toran, I†¦ I’ve been looking at Trantor. Do you know†¦ I have the queerest feeling†¦ ever since we arrived on Neotrantor. It’s an urge, a driving urge that’s pushing and pushing inside. Toran, I can do it; I know I can do it. Things are becoming clear in my mind – they have never been so clear.† Toran stared – and shrugged. The words brought him no confidence. He said, tentatively, â€Å"Mis?† â€Å"Yes?† â€Å"You didn’t see a ship come down on Neotrantor as we left?† Consideration was brief. â€Å"No.† â€Å"I did. Imagination, I suppose, but it could have been that Filian ship.† â€Å"The one with Captain Han Pritcher on it?† â€Å"The one with space knows who upon it. Magnifico’s information – It followed us here, Mis.† Ebling Mis said nothing, Toran said strenuously, â€Å"is there anything wrong with you? Aren’t you well?† Mis’s eyes were thoughtful, luminous, and strange. He did not answer. How to cite Foundation and Empire 22. Death On Neotrantor, Essay examples

Social Trends In Art Essays - Painting, Art History, Art Movements

Social Trends In Art Art is something which can be analyzed to give deeper insight as to the common values and beliefs shared by the members of a certain society. Regardless of the place of origin or the time period of a form of art, it will always be a reflection of the social structure in which it's creator/s lived. However, the way the artist perceives the culture common to his time period is very relative. People pertaining to a higher social class had different values and ideologies than members of a lower class. This different view of life can be seen very clearly in individual forms of art such as painting and music. These specific forms of artistic expression required very little money, thus could be exercised by anyone including members of a lower class. Other forms of art such as architecture and sculpture required more money and in most cases wealthy patrons such as kings or queens. Architecture also required large numbers of workers which often made it hard to see any individual influence in the design, however showed the collective ideology of all of the people involved. The cost of labor and materials was also so great that very affluent members of society were needed to financially support the whole process. Sculpture was also an artistry that required great amounts of material and labor. This resulted in a more normative form of art which portrayed societal aspects in a way that was of interest to the financial backers. By studying both popular and normative art together it is possible to obtain a greater perspective on a specific culture. Outside influences from other countries can also affect the art and the artists of a certain society. As a country sees more and more immigrants from a certain area, the art will begin to reflect the ideologies these outsiders bring in with them. This same change can be seen more drastically in the case of an invasion. The architecture would change drastically, since it is normative art and the new rulers would enforce their own norms and rules. The painting would also change, however less drastically than more official forms of art. This more gradual change could be attributed to the individuals of the country who still retained the old values and customs. These same influences on art would take place if nobility of another country married into the royal family, and was then given heir to the throne. The change would be just as drastic, but departure from old ideologies would be encouraged instead of enforced. In the case of Arab influence in Spain during the eighth century, it was not an invasion rather a gradual settling of this other culture in Spain's borders. The change was brought about by the affect this outside influence had on the people of Spain. The new ideas and forms of artistic expression were exciting and intriguing to Spaniards, and eventually they adopted these ideas as their own. The change was seen in all forms of art, especially in the new arches and vivid colors used in Arabic architecture. Any time a new way of life makes itself present in a society, it has an affect on the art. Usually this change is seen mostly in architecture and sculpture, while painting follows behind. The two cultures can also mix together and give rise to a new form of hybrid artistic expression. This mixing of ideas and beliefs is usually most evident in places were the people are trying to choose between the new popular culture, and the old beliefs and values of the country. Painting of a certain society can be analyzed either technically or with the purpose of discovering its meaning. It's the second which should be used in order to give a better idea of the philosophies of a certain group of people. The background of the painting is always very important when studying a painting. The landscape or buildings behind the main focus of the painting can give an idea of where the artist is from. Many times the artist will use a background which doesn't pertain to the actual painting to show loyalty to his place of birth. This occurred mostly with painters who moved from their home country to live elsewhere and ended up painting in the same style as the other artists in his new country. If the background is painted in a very refined way and contains very elegant features than it can be deduced that the society at that time gave

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Presidential Elections - ESL Lesson Its the presidential election season in the United States and the topic is quite popular in classes around the country. Discussing the presidential election can cover a wide range of topics beyond just the two candidates. For example, you might discuss and explain the U.S. electoral college and process of collecting and counting votes. Advanced level classes might find the topic especially interesting as they can bring in observations and comparisons from their own electoral systems. Here are some suggestions and short activities that you can use in class to focus on the election. Ive put them in the order in which Id present the exercises in class in order to build up vocabulary. However, each exercise could certainly be done as a standalone activity. Definition Match Up Match the key vocabulary concerning elections to the definition. Terms attack adscandidatedebatedelegateElectoral Collegeelectoral voteparty conventionparty platformpolitical partypopular votepresidential nomineeprimary electionregistered voterslogansound bitestump speechswing statethird partyto electto nominatevoter turnoutvoting booth Definitions choose who will be the next presidenta state which does not typically vote either Republican or Democrat but swings back and forth between the partiesa short phrase which is used to encourage voters to support a candidatea political party which is neither Republican nor Democratthe person who runs for president  the person who is chosen by the party to run for presidentan election to decide who will be chosen by the party  a representative from a state who can vote at the primary conventiona gathering of a political party to choose a candidate and vote on other issues important to the partya standard speech that is used repeatedly during a campaignadvertising which is aggressive and tries to hurt the other candidatea short phrase which sums up an opinion or fact and is repeated throughout the mediahow many people vote in the election, usually expressed in a percentagethe group of state representatives which cast the electoral votea vote by someone in the Electoral College for the votethe number of people who vote for the president Conversation Questions Here are some questions to get the conversation going. These questions use the vocabulary in the match up to help start using the new vocabulary actively. Which parties have candidates?Who are the nominees?  Have you seen a presidential debate?How do presidential elections differ from the US election in your country?Do voters have to register in your country?Whats voter turnout like in your country?Do you understand the difference between the Electoral college and the popular vote?What do you think are the main planks in each partys platform?Which candidate appeals to you? Why? Electoral Points of View In this day and age of media sound bites, it can be a helpful exercise to remind students that media coverage almost has its own point-of-view despite claims of objectivity. Ask students to try to find examples of articles that are biased from both the left and the right, as well as from a neutral point of view.   Have students find an example of a biased Republican and Democratic news report or article.Ask students to underline the biased opinions.Each student should explain how the opinion is biased. Questions that cant help include: Does the blog post represent a specific point of view? Does the author appeal to the emotions or rely on statistics? How does the writer try to persuade the reader of his or her point of view? Etc.  Ask students to write a short blog post or paragraph presenting either candidate from a biased point of view. Encourage them to exaggerate!As a class, discuss what types of signs they look for when looking for bias. Student Debate For more advanced classes, ask students to debate the issues being presented as themes of the election. Students should base their arguments on how they think each candidate would address the issues.   Student Polling Activity A simple exercise: ask students to vote for either candidate and count the votes. The results may surprise everyone!   Finally, students might also find this presidential election dialogue helpful, as well as this longer reading comprehension on presidential elections.

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Before that step, you do have to edit the book yourself and only yourself (unless you use Scrivener footnotes editor or other editing tools, that is).Heres our guide to self-editing your novel: Understand the need for self-editingDifference between revising and editingHow to develop a self-editing planStart the self-edit processDifferent types of verbal read-throughsDiscover your self-editing styleEdit one chapter at a timeStart self-editing TODAYAt the very least, every author will receive feedback from multiple readers before the launch date, but self-editing is key because eliminating obvious errors and minimizing mistakes in the manuscript will give hired editors and beta readers a greater opportunity to provide corrections on the things you missed.NOTE: We cover everything in this blog post and much more about the writing, marketing, and publishing process in our VIP Self-Publishing Program. Learn more about it hereWhy do we need to self-edit our books?After completing a rough draft, it’s very tempting to immediately hire an editor and hand over your manuscript. But no writer can state their rough draft is the very best of their work.And after all, the better the draft you submit to an editor, the better final product.An editor will surely help improve a manuscript, but before placing that rough draft in an editor’s hands, each writer should be able to answer yes to the question:â€Å"Did I make this manuscript as strong and as good as I could have?†There’s no way the answe r to that question is yes after only writing the rough draft. Take pride in your work and make sure it’s your best before someone else reads it.Before beginning the self-editing phase, there are three important things to keep in mind:The Difference between editing and revisingSelf-editing requires patience because it takes timeDevise an editor plan for after the self-editing phase prior to startingThe Difference Between Editing and RevisingEditing and Revising sound very similar, but knowing the subtle differences can make self-editing a lot easier.Throughout my career, I’ve engaged in a lot of different writing styles. Depending on the outlet and audience, writing style may differ, but one constant is all writing needs edited and revised in some capacity.Of course, one of the most essential parts of the self-editing phase is knowing the difference between editing and revising. I’ll lay out the subtle difference and explain how to achieve both in order to turn y our rough draft into a sparkling text for your editor.Editing and Revising definitions according to the Merriam-Webster DictionaryEditing to prepare for publication or public presentation; to alter, adapt, or refine especially to bring about conformity to a standard or to suit a particular purpose.Revising to look over again in order to correct or improve; to make a new, amended, improved, or up-to-date version of On the surface, they sound exactly the same. To be fair, editing and revising are similar, but not exactly the same thing.In a basic nutshell, editing is fixing basic errors like capitalization, punctuation and spelling. Revising is the act of improving specific writing such as sentence structure, chapter structure and word choice.A good self-edit will include both edits and revisions to a manuscript.Develop Your Self-Edit PlanBefore getting started with self-editing, though, keep in mind that Self-Publishing School advises not to wait, but to reach out and/or hire an ed itor after you finish your manuscript. Performing that task upon completing the rough draft will allow the author to hand over their manuscript right after finishing the self-editing phase. Editors are often booked two weeks in advance. Waiting to reach out to editors until after the self-edit could mean there’s no movement on your book for at least a couple weeks.Now you’re ready to begin.How to Start Self-EditingThe self-editing phase will include re-reading your book at least three times. Self-Publishing School calls them verbal read-throughs. With each one, you will be looking to address different aspects of your writing.In the self-edit of my own first book, I devised three different types of read-throughs.The three different types of verbal read-throughs in self-editing:Reading for structureReading for readabilityReading for grammar and word choiceEach read-through during self-editing should be done out loud.Verbal Read-Throughs for Self-EditingSelf-Publishing Sc hool teaches to read your manuscript out loud to yourself. I couldn’t agree more. It may seem a little silly, but it’s much easier to find errors while reading the entire book out loud than silently.Find a quiet spot alone so you can read out loud.Following my three different types of read-throughs and reading them out loud will enable you to make your book as good as you can.#1 Read for StructureRemember that great mind map and book outline you constructed before even beginning to write the rough draft? It’s time to break those back out.As you begin to re-read your manuscript chapter-by-chapter, follow along with your outline as well. This will allow you to make sure every detail is in the right place and nothing is missing.This is how you can structure your self-edits for chapters:Those chapters on your outline and in your book should all have a clear and concise topic. In some ways, one could think of the individual chapters as their own little books. Each o ne connects to the others, but they can also stand alone.Double checking chapter structure is the first real key to self-editing. One personal example of how revising chapter structure helped my book:In my own rough draft, the first chapter of my book, His World Never Dies: The Evolution of James Bond, explored the popularity of the Bond film series and how the series’ portrayal of masculinity has changed over the years.When I devised my outline, it seemed natural that these two topics were tied together since Bond’s masculinity is why so many men and women have enjoyed the series over the last six decades.But I had two problems: the chapter was more than 4,500 words while the other nine chapters in my book were all around 3,000. Even worse, the first chapter bounced between these two ideas that I thought were connected- Bond’s popularity and masculinity.Upon my read-through, the chapter felt clunky and long. If readers shared the same sentiment, they might not continue to read the rest of the book.In self-editing, make sure each chapter has one clear and concise topic.Revisions were needed. It took a lot of work, but I divided the first chapter into two one that focused on the series’ popularity and the other on Bond’s masculinity. After I made this decision, I read through the entire chapter again, picking out which paragraphs applied to which specific topic.Following that step, the two new chapters were too short, which meant both needed more words. I had more writing to do.But by dividing the chapter, rearranging the paragraphs and adding more details, I had made some very strong revisions.I now possessed two chapters that started my book on the right track with each chapter standing alone and focused on one topic.This is how to go through self-editing for sentence structure transitions:Double checking sentence structure is the second important part of step one in self-editing.How each book idea flows to the next is th e second aspect to consider during the â€Å"structure† read-through. The use of transition words and phrases- next, then, furthermore, on the other hand, etc.- can be very helpful to achieve this.But the same concepts to ensuring chapter structure should be applied to sentence structure. Make sure to complete your entire thought on one subject before jumping to the next whether from chapter to chapter or inside a chapter.Proper transitions and book flow will allow readers to keep going naturally. It could prevent them from ever putting it down!#2 Read for ReadabilityIt’s very likely that you know your book topic better than anyone who reads your book. That’s especially true if you are writing a memoir, but that will likely also be the case with a self-help book or non-fiction commentary on something such as the James Bond film series.After double checking the structure of your book, the second read-through should ensure every chapter, every paragraph, every se ntence and even every word makes sense.Ask yourself these questions when editing for vague details or over-explained thoughts:Did I gloss over any details that a beginner to my topic might not know?Did I forget a vital detail to a personal story in my memoir?Does it feel like I’m bogging down my reader with unnecessary details not important to my overall point?Keep these questions in mind during the second read-through of the self-editing stage.In the second read-through, place yourself in the mind of your reader.For my book, I needed to ensure every scene of a Bond film I explain was properly detailed to my audience. I have seen the Bond movies dozens of times, but not every reader will have, so it was important to make sure even readers who haven’t seen the films can understand what’s going on in a particular scene.Heres how to self-edit awkward phrasing:In this step, authors should also be able to find awkward phrasing. This is the biggest reason why we advis e reading your manuscript out loud. Sentences that don’t make sense or that need to be reworded will stick out when spoken in voice rather than read silently.#3 Read for Grammar and Word ChoiceAs you may have guessed, the first two read-through steps are making revisions to your manuscript. In this last step, authors will be performing both edits and revisions.Once you’ve nailed down your book’s structure and readability, you’re now ready to double check grammar, spelling, capitalization and punctuation.It’s important to leave grammar until the last step of the self-editing phase. Otherwise, you will need to repeat this step after revisions are complete.Double checking word choice was vitally important in my own self-editing. I tend to repeat the same words without even realizing. In my first rough draft, I had the same transition word used multiple times on the same page or the same verb or adjective deployed on numerous occasions in the same cha pter. Get out a thesaurus and utilize different words where applicable- just be sure these words actually make sense (as we all know thesauruses cant always be trusted). This doesn’t mean change every noun to a fancier word in attempt to sound smart. Nobody likes a smart ass. But avoiding repeated words while expanding your vocabulary in a colloquial way is the last step in self-editing.Other tips for self-edit read-throughs:Find a style that worksTry re-reading only a chapter at a time the whole book togetherAgain, read the manuscript out loudThat’s the end of the actually steps needed to complete the self-editing phase, but there’s more to it than just simply reading through the manuscript and making alterations.Find a Self-Edit Style That Works for YOUAre you more of a paper and pen person or do you love using track changes on writing software like Microsoft Word or Google Docs? There is no right or wrong, but finding your best preference and consistently re peating it through each read-through is essentially. Personally, I loved the good, old-fashioned pen and paper for my self-editing. I find it easier to read out loud from a paper than a screen. It also allowed me to easily keep track of all my edits and revisions with a pen.You can do the same, though, with track changes like in the example below.Printing out your manuscript and/or working with track changes is essential to the self-editing phase.After each read-through, make the changes in your official manuscript, so they are present for the next read-through. Then repeat the process.For all the read-throughs, I would print out a new copy of my book.NOTE: To save paper, reprint on the back of the previous manuscript.Self-Edit One Chapter at a TimeMost self-published authors have other jobs. If not, they still likely have very busy lives because everyone does. That probably makes performing an entire read-through for the whole book in one sitting very unlikely.However, there are ad vantages to self-editing the whole book in one read-through during a single day.Pros to read-throughs in one sitting:Easier to receive entire pictureRepeated phrases and words can be more apparentReading it as the fans wouldReading the entire manuscript together for chapter and sentence structure is a good idea because it’s easier to get the entire picture of how the book fits together.It’s also easier to pick out repeated phrases and words. If you wait several days between reading the first and final chapter for structure, you may not realize you repeat yourself too much or that you have the exact same sentence in two places.The readers that never put your book down may experience it in an entirely different way than you did if you never performed an entire book read-through in one sitting.Cons to read-throughs in one sitting:General tirednessGrammar and spelling edits may sufferThreat of rushing through itThere are plenty of advantages to only re-reading a chapter at a time as well. For one, going through an entire read-through in one sitting can take hours and is very tiring. In the last few chapters, you might not be as sharp at catching errors as you were at the beginning of the process because of fatigue.All self-editing can be tedious, but checking for grammar, spelling and punctuation is particularly banal. It’s even harder when tired.Furthermore, if the goal is to get through the entire book with one read-through in one sitting, but you only have a set amount of time to do it, there’s a distinct possibility that you will rush. That’s not a good thing either.TIP: Try both techniques to see which self-editing works for you.The one-sitting read-through is better suited for when checking for structure. It’s better to read one chapter at a time while editing for grammar and spelling.If your book is truly too long for a read-through in one sitting, then don’t worry about it. More than likely, that means reade rs won’t be reading it all the way through at a time either.Are you ready to start your self-editing TODAY?Again, the self-editing stage is one of the most mundane aspects of publishing a book. At times, it can be flat-out exhausting with no end in sight. It’s very tempting to just give up and hand the manuscript to an editor.But before editor begins their work on your manuscript, self-editing can take your book to the next level. A full commitment in this stage can make all the difference in the quality of your manuscript.If youre ready to start (finish) and publish your book, check out this free training by Chandler Bolt!

Andy Warhol and Yasumasa Morimura Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Andy Warhol and Yasumasa Morimura - Essay Example The essay "Andy Warhol and Yasumasa Morimura" discusses Andy Warhol’s Marilyn Diptych and Yasumasa Morimura’s Self-Portrait (Actress)/ White Marilyn. Andy Warhol’s Marilyn Diptych and Yasumasa Morimura’s Self-Portrait (Actress)/ White Marilyn depict the cult infatuation with Marilyn Monroe. This infatuation goes deeper than Monroe’s physical beauty. Warhol’s Marilyn Diptych and Morimura’s Self-Portrait (Actress)/ White Marilyn have the same subject; Marilyn Monroe. The works were done thirty-four years apart, Marilyn Diptych in 1962 and Self-Portrait (Actress)/ White Marilyn in 1996. Yet both have the same theme. Both are about Marilyn Monroe, but not about her as a whole person. The person portrayed in Warhol’s piece is â€Å"more than twenty silkscreen paintings of her, all based on the same publicity photograph from the 1953 film Niagara† (Tate Collection). Hollywood publicity photographs are airbrushed. They wanted to present the best makeup and hairstyle possible on Monroe. This was not the real Monroe. She did not always look perfect, because like everyone else, Monroe was human. Similarly Morimura’s photograph of three figures did not portray the real Monroe. His figures are posed like Monroe in The Seven Year Itch, where her white dress is following up at an air vent. This is once more a movie posed. Monroe had wardrobe, makeup, lighting, and other Hollywood magic. So the Monroe both artists wanted to capture were not realistic, but based on her Hollywood image.

Thirsty For A Lovely Aroma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Thirsty For A Lovely Aroma - Essay Example This time the guy on this ad is holding the product and facing the consumers. His head is turned towards us while holding the perfume to show us how important it is to feel like a real man. â€Å"Dune Pour Homme† by Dior and Old Spices are two examples of Steve Craig’s argument about how advertisers manipulate men and reinforce the men stereotypes in order to increase perfume sales. â€Å"Dune Pour Homme† by Dior and Old Spice’s â€Å"Smell like a MAN,MAN† use visual stereotypes portraying the image of well-established men in a way that represents the consumer. The thought processes, experiences and personality differ from person to person. That is why marketers divide consumers into various segments based on their demographics, psychographics and lifestyle attributes. They come up with advertisements that target a specific segment and throw signs that they can understand in a similar fashion. (Beasly and Danesi). Consumers can relate to these ads b y reflecting upon the stereotypes present in them. These advertisements establish a persona of the brand. This persona is established in the minds of consumers with the help of visuals and text. These signs combine together to give a single image of the brand and the personality it has. The personality of brand is close to the personality of its target market; its consumers. The ad shows that the perfume has a persona of freedom, independence, peaceful solitude, lack of concern towards normal life. This somehow represents that type of personality its consumers have or want to have. The first advertisement â€Å"Dune Pour Homme†by Dior offers stereotype of a young, sexy and heterosexual man. The man on the ad appears in a youthful, glamorous sky magazine and it clearly signifies the target segment the ad caters to. The ad shows a man in his mid-twenties, sitting on a sand dune with clear blue sky behind him. It gives a picture of peace and freedom, which is something most desi red by men of this age in American culture. There is a large bottle of perfume shown in the left side of the man, underneath which there is written â€Å"Essence of Freedom† in French. Together with the image and the line, they form a single idea of the product and the identity of this iconic brand. The sexy image of this man attracts both the heterosexual men and women who wish their men to be sexy like him. The Dior ad talks about freedom. This particular ad serves the objective well. The young age of the man who appears to be in the ad, the light colours in the advertisement, the relaxed expression on the man’s face, the loneliness he has, seems unrestricted by normal life, the loose unorthodox attire that he is wearing; all give a notion of freedom. Dior ad shows a narcissist picture of men. Writer Twitchell claims that it appeals differently in each of the individuals. Mr. Twitchell, in his essay â€Å"What we are to advertisers† talks about the different s egments advertisers divide consumers into â€Å"Are you a believer† or a â€Å"striver†, an â€Å"achiever† or a â€Å"struggler†, an â€Å"experiencer â€Å"or a â€Å"maker†?†. According to the Values and Lifestyles system, the market segment that Dior ad caters to lies in the innovators group. And will these narcissist models be a role models for raising children? Million teenagers see the ad and cannot wait for a chance to be discovered. Clear example of that is shown in chapter six (96) of â€Å"The Narcissism Epidemic†, where Jake Halpern writes that the need of becoming famous in our decade is very intense â€Å"

Patients With Post Stroke Dysphagia Health And Social Care Essay

Patients With Post Stroke Dysphagia Health And Social Care Essay This chapter deals with discussion, summary and conclusions drawn. It clarifies the limitations of the study, the implications and recommendations given for different areas in Nursing practice, Education, administration and research. DISCUSSION The present study was designed to assess the effectiveness of Selected Nursing Interventions among patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia at KMCH, Coimbatore-14. The researcher carried out the study among 30 patients and adopted pre-experimental research design with single group pre test post test design. The researcher used non probability purposive sampling technique to select the 30 subjects. The researcher conducted this study to assess the effectiveness of Shaker Exercise and Hyoid Lift Maneuver on Swallowing and Feeding Performance among patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. DEMOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION OF SUBJECTS The demographic variables included in the study were Age, Sex, Education and Habits. The mean Age of the subjects was 60. Half of the subjects were in the Age group 50-70 years. Almost equal numbers of subjects were in the 30-50 and above 70 years Age groups and it was about 23 and 27 percent respectively. Regarding the Sex, nearly equal numbers of subjects were in the male and female Sex group and it showed 53 and 47 percent respectively. On the basis of their Educational Status, 67 percent of the subjects were studied up to secondary Education. About 33.33 percent of the subjects completed any one of the graduate degree course. In accordance with their Personal Habits, 53.33 percent had no bad Habits like Smoking and Alcoholism. Ten percent of subjects had the habit of Tobacco use. Seven percent of subjects were consuming Alcohol. Thirty percent of the subjects had the habit of both Tobacco and Alcohol consumption. CLINICAL DESCRIPTION OF SUBJECTS The clinical variables include Type of Stroke and Co-morbid Illness. In consistent with the Type of Stroke, 10 percent of the subjects had Stroke due to the problem in anterior circulation, 40 percent of the subjects had Stroke due to problem in middle circulation and 50 percent of the subjects had Stroke due to problem in the posterior circulation. With reference to the Co-morbid Illness, 13.33 percent of the subjects had No Co-morbid Illness. About 10 and 40 percent of the subjects had the complaints of Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension respectively. Remaining 36.67 percent of the subjects had both Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus. The major findings of the study were discussed according to the objectives: The first objective was to assess the Swallowing and Feeding Performance of patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. In the pre test assessment of the Swallowing Performance using GUSS Score indicates 23.33% of the subjects had Mild Dysphagia, 40% of the subjects had Moderate Dysphagia and 36.67% of the subjects had Severe Dysphagia. The post-test assessment of Swallowing Performance explains that 16.67% of the subjects were improved to the No Dysphagia stage with good Swallowing and Feeding Performance. About 26.67% of the subjects had Mild Dysphagia and 23.33% of the subjects had Moderate Dysphagia. Remaining 33.33% of the subjects had severe Dysphagia with various improvements in the Swallowing Performance. The pre test and post test Feeding Performance Score using FOIS describes equal number of subjects in the Tube Dependent (36.67%) and Total Oral Intake category (63.33%). Despite the result revealed an equal number of subjects in the pre and post test assessment, the subjects had an improvement in the Feeding Performance during the post test assessment from no oral intake level to tube supplement with consistent oral intake level in the Tube Dependent category. Likewise, subjects showed an improvement from the intake of single consistency to the total intake with no restriction in the Total Oral Intake category. The present study was supported by Trapl et al., who conducted study in 2002 and described that out of 30 patients, 30 to 50% had Severe Dysphagia and showed significantly higher risk of aspiration with liquids compared with semisolid textures (p=0.001). Therefore they confirmed the subsequent sequence of GUSS. The second objective was to determine the effectiveness of Selected Nursing Interventions on Swallowing and Feeding Performance in patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. With reference to the Swallowing Performance based on the GUSS Score, the mean pre-test SwallowingS among subjects was 12.50 and the mean post-test Swallowing Score was 13.87 based on the GUSS tool. Paired t test was used to compute the mean difference. The t value for this mean difference between pre and post test Swallowing Score was 6.150. The t value obtained at .001 level of significance and at 29 degrees of freedom. Hence there is a significant difference exist between the mean pre and post test Swallowing Scores. It further implies that the Swallowing Score in the post test was higher than the pre test Swallowing Score. This improvement was due to the Selected Nursing Interventions such as Swallowing Exercises and Positioning while Swallowing. So the Swallowing Exercises such as Shaker Exercise and Hyoid Lift Maneuver found to be effective in improving the Swallowing Performance in Stroke patients. The final result concluded that 22 subjects (73.3%) expressed improvement after the treatment. Remaining 8 subjects (26.7%) had no changes in their Swallowing Performance after the therapy. The median of pre-test Feeding Score among subjects was 5 and the median of post-test Feeding Score was 6.5. Sign test was computed to find out the difference between the pre and post test median Scores of Feeding. The sign test Score showed the p value 0.000 which was significant at .001 level. It showed that, a significant difference present between the pre and post test Feeding Scores. It further implies that the Feeding Score in post test was higher than the pre test Feeding Score. This improvement in the Feeding Performance was due to the Selected Nursing Interventions. So the Swallowing Exercises were effective in improving the Feeding Performance in Stroke patients having Dysphagia. Median test was used to compare the effect between the pre test and post test group instead of mean as because the FOIS was a 7 point likert scale. As the variables did not follow the normality and the highest Score was 7, parametric test was not applicable. Hence non parametric sign test was adopt ed which is equivalent to paired t test to find out the effectiveness. The result of the present study was substantiated with a study conducted by Mepani et al., in 2005 on augmentation of deglutitive thyrohyoid muscle shortening by the Shaker Exercise. The study involved the effect of 6 weeks shaker exercise in 11 dysphagic patients; six patients were randomized to control group and 5 patients to the Shaker Exercise group. After the therapy the change in thyrohyoid distance among Shaker Exercise group was significantly greater compared to the control group (p=0.034), this subsequently improve the swallowing function of the patients. Association of the Swallowing and Feeding Performance with selected Demographic and Clinical variables among patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia The Fisher exact test was used to associate the selected Demographic and Clinical variables with the Swallowing and Feeding Performance of the patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. The calculated p values for the association between the Swallowing Performance of Post Stroke patients with the selected Demographic and Clinical variables such as Sex, Habits, Type of Stroke and Co-morbid Illness were not significant and hence there exist no association between them. The calculated p values for the association between the Feeding Performance of Post Stroke patients with selected Demographic and Clinical variables such as Sex, Habits, Type of Stroke and history of Co-morbid Illness were not significant and hence there is no association between them. SUMMARY The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of Selected Nursing Interventions on Swallowing and Feeding Performance among patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia, for which the following objectives were formulated; To assess the Swallowing and Feeding Performance of patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. To determine the effectiveness of Selected Nursing Interventions on Swallowing and Feeding Performance in patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. To associate the Swallowing and Feeding Performance with selected Demographic and Clinical variables. The study was based on Ernesteine Wiedenbachs helping art of clinical nursing theory (1970). The research design applied for the study was pre experimental single group pre test-post test design. Study was conducted in KMCH. 30 samples were selected by non probability purposive sampling technique. The tool used for data collection consists of Demographic and Clinical variables, Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS) and Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) to assess the Swallowing and Feeding Performance in Post Stroke Dysphagic patients. The data were collected for a period of 6 weeks. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in statistical analysis, to assess the effectiveness of Selected Nursing Interventions among patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. Fisher exact test was used to find out the association between the selected Demographic and Clinical variables with the Swallowing and Feeding Performance in patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. Major findings of the study On the basis of Gugging Swallowing Screening (GUSS), the investigator observed the degrees of improvement in Swallowing difficulty after the therapy among patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. About 16.67% of the subjects had No Dysphagia, 26.67% had Mild Dysphagia, 23.33% had Moderate Dysphagia, and 33.33% had Severe Dysphagia. In accordance with the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), 36.67% of the subjects were in Tube Dependent category and 63.33% were in Total Oral Intake category with sustained improvement in the Feeding Performance. The mean pre test score of the Swallowing Performance using Gugging Swallowing Screening (GUSS) tool was 12.50. The mean post test Score of the Swallowing Performance using GUSS evaluation tool was 13.87. There was a significant difference between the mean pre-test and post-test Swallowing Performance Score. The t value obtained was 6.150 which is significant at 0.001 level and at 29 degrees of freedom. The final result explained that, 22 subjects (73.3%) expressed Swallowing improvement after the treatment. Remaining eight subjects (26.7%) had no changes in their Swallowing Performance after the therapy. Median test was used to compare the Feeding Performance Score of the pre and post test groups. The median pre test Feeding Performance of the patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia was 5 with a range of 1 to 6 and that of post median test was 6.5 with a range of 1 to 7. The non parametric sign test was used to find out the effectiveness of the therapy on Feeding Performance. The obtained p value was 0.000 at 0.01 level of significance. This revealed a significant improvement in the Feeding Performance of Post Stroke Dysphagic patients. The final result revealed that 24 respondents (80%) showed an improvement in their Feeding Performance after the therapy and was assessed by FOIS scoring. But remaining six respondents (20%) showed no changes in the Feeding Performance when assessed by FOIS. There was no significant association exist between the Swallowing and Feeding Performance of the Post Stroke Dysphagic patients with the selected Demographic and Clinical variables. CONCLUSION The study was tested and accepted the hypothesis that there is a significant difference in Swallowing and Feeding Performance before and after the implementation of Selected Nursing Interventions in Post Stroke patients with Dysphagia. The result concluded that the study group had better outcome than the others. There was a significant improvement in the Swallowing and Feeding Performance of the Post Stroke Dysphagic patients after the Exercise and Positioning therapy. The participants had reduced the risk of aspiration and aspiration related complications after the therapy. Hence, Selected Nursing Interventions such as Swallowing Exercises like Shaker exercise and Hyoid Lift Maneuver and positioning during Swallowing can be recommended for the patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. IMPLICATIONS The present study has its own implications in nursing practice, nursing education, nursing administration and nursing research. Nursing practice: Dysphagia is one of the major complications among Post Stroke patients. This study implies the effectiveness of Selected Nursing Interventions in the improvement of Swallowing and Feeding Performance among the Post Stroke Dysphagic patients. This study creates awareness among the nursing personnel about the importance of the various complications after the Stroke and its various evidence based management. The present study shows that the exercise intervention for the Post Stroke Dysphagic patients can prevent the risk of aspiration and aspiration pneumonia. The result shows that, Selected Nursing Intervention for the Post Stroke patients can reduce the risk of malnourishment. Nurses can gain skill for providing Swallowing Exercises in the Post Stroke Dysphagic patients to improve their quality of life. Nursing Education: The nurse educator can create awareness among the health care professionals about the complicated effects of Stroke and its various evidence based management. The nurse educator can arrange in-service Education programs to update their knowledge regarding the new techniques and modalities to manage the Post Stroke Dysphagia. The nurse educator can teach the students about the present study findings and its implication in patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. This will help to improve the knowledge of the students on Swallowing Exercises. The nurse educator can motivate the nursing personnel and students to use this Swallowing Exercises and positioning in the improvement of Swallowing and Feeding Performance and in the reduction of aspiration risk in Post Stroke Dysphagic patients. Nursing administration: Nurse administrator should aware of the problem experienced by the clients after the Stroke. Nurse administrator can provide continuing education or short term courses in the clinical area for preparing the nurses with competence in managing the after effects of Stroke especially Dysphagia. Nurse administrator can plan and organize seminars, workshops and conferences about Selected Nursing Interventions for the improvements of Swallowing and Feeding Performance among patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. Nurse administrator can formulate protocol to incorporate the study findings in nursing intervention. Nursing research: This study provides a basis for further studies. The findings of the study can be a foundation for conducting the study on large sample to strongly support the efficacy. The implications of the study can be used as a motivation for nurses to conduct research in India, where the health care system is advancing. This study helps to update the knowledge and proper utilization of resources in the field of nursing practice. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY The study was limited to small sample size of 30 subjects. The study was limited to a single setting. The study was conducted using a single group. RECOMMENDATIONS A similar study can be conducted with large number of subjects to generalize the research findings. A study can be conducted at different settings. Similar study can be undertaken using different Swallowing and lingual exercises. This study can be conducted with experimental and quasi experimental design. A comparative study can be conducted between different types of Swallowing Exercises in Post Stroke Dysphagic patients. A similar study can be done to assess the effectiveness of Swallowing Exercises among patients with Dysphagia who are receiving head and neck radiation for cancer. ABSTRACT The present study entitled Effectiveness of Selected Nursing Interventions on Swallowing and Feeding Performance among patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia at KMCH, Coimbatore-14. This study was undertaken during the year 2012-2013, in partial fulfillment of requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Nursing at KMCH College of Nursing, Coimbatore, which is affiliated to the Tamilnadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai. Objectives: 1.To assess the Swallowing and Feeding Performance of patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. 2. To determine the effectiveness of Selected Nursing Interventions on Swallowing and Feeding Performance in patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. 3. To associate the Swallowing and Feeding Performance with selected Demographic and Clinical variables. Research Design: Pre experimental design with single group pre test-post test design. Setting: Neuro inpatient and outpatient department of Kovai Medical Center and Hospital, Coimbatore. Samples: All Post Stroke Dysphagic patients. Sample Size: The sample size was 30. Sampling Technique: Non probability purposive sampling. Conceptual framework: Ernestine Widenbachs Helping Art of Clinical Nursing Theory (1970) was adopted. Intervention: Selected Nursing Interventions such as Swallowing Exercises and Positioning during the swallowing were incorporated. The clients were instructed to do the Shaker Exercise and Hyoid Lift Manoeuvre 3 to 6 times a day for a period of 6 weeks. The subjects were instructed to elevate or down the chin and tilt the head towards stronger side while Swallowing. Outcome Measures: Swallowing and Feeding Performance was assessed by Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS) and Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) respectively. Results: The mean difference between pre and post test Swallowing Score was 6.150 and which was significant at 0.001 level. The p value obtained for Feeding Score was 0.000 at 0.001 level of significance. The result showed a significant improvement in the Swallowing and Feeding Performance. Conclusion: This study proved that the implementation of Selected Nursing Interventions rather than the other conventional treatment will improve Swallowing and Feeding Performance among Post Stroke patients with Dysphagia. Hence the Swallowing Exercises and Positioning can be recommended in clinical practice to improve the Swallowing and Feeding Performance in Post Stroke Dysphagic patients.